FMO is a group of oxidizing enzymes. In humans currently only FMO3 is regarded as a 'big player' among FMO enzymes, but a 'small player' in when compared to the CYP450 oxidizing enzymes. So for these reasons and the way health research is structured, very little is known about FMO3 and even less about other FMOs and how they metabolize compounds in humans.
It seems very likely that FMO3 oxidizes many sulfides and amines in humans. For some reason it does not seem the norm for research to try each compound and see how they are metabolized. Instead research is pretty sporadic and focuses on a single thing at anytime, usually a drug.
In this case the researchers have looked at how the common anti-psychotic drug olanzapine is metabolized by FMO3 and FMO1 and how people with genetic variants of FMO3 or FMO1 may be affected in metabolizing olanzapine. Usually in drug research this enzyme metabolism is called 'clearance' and people with genetic variants may therefore have 'poor clearance', leading to toxicity of the uncleared metabolite.
In this paper the researchers looked at olazapine and their conclusion was that FMO3 was proven to have a role in oxidizing olazapine and also that FMO1 is active in olazapine metabolism too.
FMO3 is a protein made up of a 532 amino acid sequence. Many people carry a small fault at codon 308. In the study they say that people who have the fault in both genes at codon 308 had a 50% drop in oxidizing olazapine.
The study in itself will get lost in the midst of research, and on it's own should only be regarded as one paper. But it seems that many with 'FMO3 deficiency' feel they have 'problems' with drugs, and this may be due to toxicity due to 'poor clearance' of FMO3 substrates, which will be sulfides and amines of a particular structure, that are common in the environments and in drug too.
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